Chronic kidney disease or chronic kidney failure refers to the progressive and irreversible degradation of renal function, in which prevention and early diagnosis are essential for survival. Local medical statistics show that approximately ten million Indians suffer from chronic kidney disease and that, annually, the number of cases increases by up to 10%. Specialized medical care and timely intervention prevent the need for dialysis and kidney transplant in Delhi. Causes and risk factors The kidneys perform the important function of filtering excess residues and fluids from the blood, which are then excreted through the urine. When renal function becomes deficient, large amounts of fluids, electrolytes, and waste accumulate in the body. In the early stages of chronic kidney disease, the signs and symptoms are indistinguishable. Renal failure presents clinical manifestations when renal function is almost lost, in about 90% of cases, says nephrologist in Delhi. Among the diseases and medical conditions that can cause chronic kidney disease are: – type 1 and 2 diabetes; – high blood pressure; – glomerulonephritis; – interstitial nephritis; – polycystic kidney disease; – prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract (caused by an enlarged prostate, kidney stones or some types of cancer); – bladder-urethral reflux; – pyelonephritis (recurrent kidney infections). The risk factors that increase the susceptibility to chronic kidney failure are – diabetes; – high blood pressure; – heart disease; – smoking; – obesity; – high cholesterol level; – heredity; – age over 65 years. Prevention of renal failure The key to preventing or stopping the evolution of chronic kidney disease is early detection of renal dysfunction and aggressive intervention by nephrologist in Delhi, so as to slow the progression of the disease. Because diabetes and high blood pressure are responsible for two-thirds of the cases of chronic kidney failure, following proper treatment to control these conditions also means a diminished risk of renal function. Even if you have not been diagnosed so far, ask for the following urinalysis. – Uroculture. Check the level of protein, glucose, and blood in the urine. – Blood pressure control. – Blood glucose test. – Test for creatinine in the blood. It measures the amount of residues resulting from muscle activity. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, the creatinine level increases. A study published in the specialty journal The American Journal of Kidney Diseases in April 2013 showed that unhealthy eating choices, obesity, and smoking are associated with a significantly increased risk of kidney disease installation. The researchers mentioned that, unlike genetic predisposition, diet, vices, and overweight are risk factors that can be controlled to prevent the degeneration of renal function. In this regard, best nephrologist in Delhi recommends you – Reduce your daily sodium intake. – Avoid eating red meat frequently (diets high in animal protein can be harmful to the kidneys). – Do not consume sour juices. Many of these beverages contain phosphorus additives, which affect the health of the kidneys. – Discard processed foods. Potato chips, biscuits, cheese creams, semi-preparations, and sausages are examples of foods rich in phosphorus and salt additives, potentially destructive to kidney function. – Reduce your sugar intake. The abuse of sweets increases the risk of diabetes and obesity, both associated with kidney disease. – Consume alcohol in moderation. Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages has important negative effects on the health of the kidneys and their role in maintaining the optimum level of fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. – Carefully analyze the side effects of medicines. Aspirin, ibuprofen or acetaminophen can cause renal dysfunction when administered incorrectly or without the recommendation of a kidney specialist in Delhi. – Keep your weight under control. Move at least 30 minutes every day and get rid of excess weight, if any. – Quit smoking. Prevention of chronic kidney disease in diabetes One possible and very dangerous complication of diabetes is chronic kidney failure. Since the kidneys are the ones that filter out the blood residues, and diabetes is manifested by too much glucose in the blood, the kidney function is overstimulated. Eventually, the kidneys will no longer be able to fulfill their essential role for survival. Capillary vessels become more porous and begin to escape from residues and proteins that should not be filtered normally reach the urine, says nephrologist in Noida. High blood pressure affects blood vessels throughout the body, including those that feed the kidneys. Thus, treating elevated blood pressure, which involves quitting smoking, following a dietary diet and regular movement, is essential for the maintenance of renal function, suggests nephrologist in Gurgaon. Patients with diabetes should undergo at least 3 endocrinological checks per year to monitor urine (microalbuminuria) and creatinine levels in the blood (excess creatinine indicates difficulties with renal function in filtering blood). Just follow the recommendations of the best kidney specialist in Delhi regarding keeping the glycemic index under control through diet, sports or the administration of insulin or other medicines. Check your blood sugar level regularly! Call your doctor for kidney in Delhi immediately for the first sign of kidney or bladder infection, such as burning or pain in urine, turbid or redness urine, lower back pain or body tremor.
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Water intake and carbohydrate moderation preserve kidney function World Kidney Day was created to make the population aware of the necessary care to take care of kidney health. They are responsible for maintaining the balance of the internal environment and vital functions, that is, the composition of the liquid that surrounds the cells. For this to happen, it filters 1,700 liters of blood per day and eliminates several unwanted substances. Thus, the malfunction of the kidneys impacts on all health. According to the Nephrologist in Delhi, human genetic inheritance was not made for sedentary lifestyle and poor diet, which makes the current lifestyle the most impacting risk factor in life expectancy. The five habits to take better care of your kidney and body health are: 1. Drink water Consuming at least two liters of water a day not only hydrates the body but also promotes generalized care to the body, including kidney function. “When there’s a scarcity of water within the body, the kidneys cannot work properly and their filtering operate is weakened, which may accumulate unwanted toxins within the body”, explains the nephrologist in Noida. In order to know more precisely the amount of water to be ingested daily, it is advisable to see a kidney specialist in Noida, who will make a general assessment of the organism. 2. Avoid excess body fat The more fat the patient has stored in the body, the more danger it poses to both the kidneys and other organs, such as the heart and liver. The area to be irrigated by the blood also increases, making the kidneys need to work harder than normal to supply the body’s new needs. According to the nephrologist in Gurgaon, it is recommended that the patient who is overweight look for a nutrologist or nutritionist to assess his Body Mass Index (BMI) and make the necessary changes if necessary. 3. Decrease the amount of salt and sugar Excess salt and sugar in the diet can bring many problems to the patient’s health, such as high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes and overweight. It is advisable to add as few of these components as possible on a daily basis and to avoid processed, frozen and processed foods as much as possible, which contain very large amounts of salt and sugar. Monitoring health through an annual check-up is also recommended by the kidney specialist in Delhi. 4. Avoid self-medication Self-medication, especially with anti-inflammatory drugs, is a habit that many people have, but few really understand what it can cause. The more unnecessary drugs the body receives, the more substances the kidney and liver will need to filter to avoid excess toxins, which, consequently, overloads kidney function. “As harmless as a painkiller for routine use may seem, it should be taken only in the dosage indicated by the doctor and during the period he stipulated”, explains the doctor for kidney in Delhi. 5. Practice physical exercises Sedentary lifestyle is a great evil that can directly harm the body. Practicing physical exercises at least three times a week is a great way to fight obesity and prevent many diseases, such as those that affect the heart, liver and kidneys. However, according to the nephrologist in Delhi, before starting to run or enter the gym, it is advisable to look for a doctor to assess if there are any impediment factors that restrict the practice of exercises. What is kidney failure? Renal failure is the deterioration of renal function. The disease can be chronic or acute. It is a chronic disease if the loss of kidney function sets in slowly and develops for more than three months, and can be acute if its installation is less than that period, explains kidney specialist in Delhi. Serum creatinine is a simple marker of kidney function. Elevated creatinine levels, above 1.2 mg/dl in adults or 0.8 mg/dl in children over 5 years old, indicate renal failure. As with creatinine, there are other substances (for example, urea, potassium, and phosphorus) that due to deficiency of “renal” (glomerular) filtration increase in the blood. Renal patients often question whether they have only one kidney with a deficiency (unilateral) or whether they are both (bilateral). Situations of acute or chronic renal failure imply a deficiency of both kidneys. If one of the kidneys is functioning normally it compensates for the deficiency of the other, even increasing its size (vicarious kidney). A good example of this is the kidney transplant in Delhi in which only one kidney is inserted in each recipient, achieving “normal” kidney function in situations where the procedure takes place within normal limits. The most advanced stage of kidney failure, when the “kidney stops working” (terminal or final kidney failure), involves replacing kidney function with dialysis in Delhi (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) or, eventually, with kidney transplantation. Kidney failure is a common disease, responsible for considerable and increasing spending on health budgets. It presents a wide range of clinical and analytical changes that require the implementation of strategies for its prevention, early detection, and treatment. In this sense, nephrologist in Delhi has been proactive. Complications of renal failure The complications of renal failure are varied, ranging from water and electrolyte changes as the elevation of serum potassium, metabolic acidosis, hyper-hydration (edema, hypertension, pulmonary congestion) hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia, explains the best kidney specialist in Delhi. Other signs and symptoms of renal failure have been previously described, such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and asthenia. These changes often result in malnutrition in the renal insufficient patient. Metabolic bone disease associated with chronic renal failure is common and is manifested by changes in phosphorus and calcium metabolism but also by structural changes in bones and arteries, with emphasis on osteoarthritis and coronary artery calcification, respectively. Can kidney failure be cured? Chronic renal failure does not "cure". It is very important and decisive to delay its progress and correct handling, an early referral to nephrology consultations. Already acute renal failure can have "healing". In cases of acute renal failure of toxic origin (drugs or intoxications), it is essential to stop its administration. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, are a frequent cause of acute renal failure, says nephrologist in Noida. Treatment of renal failure The treatment of renal failure is different depending on whether the failure is acute or chronic and its stage of evolution. After the detection of chronic renal failure, measures must be taken to delay its progression:
Acute renal failure is an entity that can be diagnosed as outpatients, but in almost all relevant situations patients are admitted to the hospital. The medication performed in these cases is, in many cases, identical to that of CRF. The acute renal failure treatment in Delhi and chronic renal failure stage 5 may involve renal replacement therapy, dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis). In the context of acute renal failure with dialysis, the most common therapy is hemodialysis. In an intensive care environment, it may be necessary to use other forms of dialysis, such as hemofiltration. The renal transplantation is considered, however, the treatment of chronic renal failure best five-stage suggests kidney transplant doctor in Delhi. Transplantation in renal failure The renal transplantation involves an operation (operation) for placing a carcass or kidney from a donor. This space is considered the “divine” space for this procedure, as it allows vascularization and urinary drainage of the transplant with adequate proximity to the recipient's iliac vessels and bladder, explains nephrologist in Gurgaon. This procedure necessarily implies the patient's informed consent. Kidney transplant in Delhi has several advantages, which translate fundamentally into better quality and quantity of life compared to dialysis, for recipients under the age of 70 years. However, it involves the chronic use of immunosuppressants, which is why it is associated with some complications such as the increased risk of infections and neoplasms, explains doctor for kidney transplant in Delhi. Diet for kidney failure The nutrition in chronic kidney disease follows general guidelines, but should ultimately be individualized. In cases of acute or chronic renal failure with elevated serum potassium (risk of cardiac toxicity), the diet includes restrictions on foods rich in this element such as beans and fruits. The soup must be boiled in two drinks of water. The other therapies that remove potassium from the blood are ion exchange resin and dialysis, suggests doctor for kidney in Delhi. In an attempt to delay the progression of chronic kidney disease, there are relevant studies that value the dietary restriction of proteins (meat and fish, for example). There are other metabolic changes that require an individualized diet in kidney diseases, such as hyperphosphatemia and hyperuricemia. Thus, it is not possible to define a “perfect menu” for all renal patients, that is, the diet plan must be individualized and stipulated by the nephrologist in Delhi and nutritionist for each patient. Recurrent urinary tract infection or chronic urinary tract infection involves at least two episodes in a period of six months or three episodes in a year. Usually, women have problems with recurrent urinary tract infections. Moreover, recurrent urinary tract infection can even lead to kidney stones. In 85% of cases, the bacterium involved is Escherichia Coli, a germ that is commonly found in the colon and anus. This bacterium colonizes and infects the urinary tract, causing the appearance of urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, but also prostate abscess explains nephrologist in Delhi. Factors that lead to the recurrence of urinary tract infections Recurrent urinary tract infections are most often caused by different bacteria. Diabetes is a powerful predisposing factor. The factors involved in the occurrence of recurrent urinary tract infections differ by sex. Thus, the main predisposing factors are the abnormalities of the urinary tract, the insufficient emptying of the bladder, chronic constipation, the use of the diaphragm as a contraceptive method, poor hygiene, inflammatory pelvic disease, vaginitis and atrophic urethritis (after the installation of menopause), says the best nephrologist in Delhi. In men, the main factors that cause urinary tract infections to recur are incomplete urination, prostate adenoma, anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract, low immunity. Symptoms of urinary tract infection
The patient will have a summary of urine and a cytobacteriological examination. After the result of the laboratory tests, it is possible that the kidney specialist in Delhi may also want to perform additional tests, such as pelvic ultrasound or urography. The main rules for the prevention of urinary tract infections
It is possible for the patient to undergo antibiotic treatment for 6 months, sometimes even longer. Proper hydration is especially important. It is also essential to educate the habit of urinating before and after intercourse to facilitate the elimination of bacteria that can settle in the urethra. For the treatment of urinary tract infections it is also important to treat chronic constipation efficiently, suggest the best kidney specialist in Delhi. Possible complications It is obligatory for the patient to come to the nephrologist in Delhi to initiate antibiotic treatment. If the condition is not treated, it can be complicated by infections in the kidney (pyelonephritis), which can lead to even loss of renal function. The kidneys perform very important functions in the body related to the excretion of waste products, excess fluid, medications and toxins, maintain the balance of water and chemical elements, secrete important hormones necessary for regulating blood pressure and the production of red blood cells, and contribute to maintaining healthy bones. In chronic insufficiency, the kidneys gradually lose their ability to perform their functions, which leads to impaired functioning of all organs and systems, explains nephrologist in Delhi. The term “chronic kidney disease” combines many different diseases of the urinary system associated with a sharp deterioration in the quality of life, high mortality and leading in the terminal stage to the need for expensive replacement therapy methods – dialysis and kidney transplant in Delhi. In India today, about 2 million people suffer from chronic kidney disease. The average age of patients receiving renal replacement therapy (dialysis) is 45-50 years, that is, a young, able-bodied part of the population suffers to a large extent. What are the symptoms of chronic kidney failure? Most people in the early stages do not have severe symptoms. The following complaints indicating a violation of their function allow to suspect a disease of the kidneys and urinary tract:
However, all these symptoms are nonspecific. A particular danger of chronic kidney disease is that it may not cause any complaints for a long time that would prompt a person to seek medical help from the best nephrologist in Delhi. What causes chronic renal failure? The main causes of the disease are diabetes and high blood pressure. Diabetes mellitus causes damage to the kidneys, heart, blood vessels and nerve endings. High blood pressure without proper control can lead to heart attack, stroke, and chronic renal failure. In turn, chronic renal failure itself can cause high blood pressure. Other diseases that affect kidney function:
Unmodifiable risk factors for chronic kidney disease (which cannot be influenced by treatment or lifestyle changes):
A very important risk factor for kidney damage is the abuse of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, “addiction” to food additives (means for weight loss in women, protein shakes for building muscle mass in men). What is the danger of chronic kidney disease? Even at the stage of a moderate decrease in renal function, the risk of cardiovascular complications increases sharply, which increases the likelihood of a fatal outcome due to heart attack and stroke, and also significantly increases the risk of coronary heart disease. Diagnosis of chronic kidney disease Diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is based on laboratory tests. First of all, you need to pass the following tests:
The research results will allow the best kidney specialist in Delhi to evaluate the functional state of the kidneys and obtain information about the causes of impaired function. In many cases, early diagnosis and timely treatment of the disease can slow down or stop the development of chronic renal failure. Is it possible to prevent the disease, even with risk factors? Simple measures will help reduce the risk of developing kidney disease:
It is the most common of the inherited forms of polycystic kidney disease Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ERP) is one of the most common inherited disorders. Autosomal dominant means that if a parent has the disease, there is a 50% chance that the disease will pass to their child. At least one parent must have the disease for the child to inherit it. Both father and mother can transmit it to the child, but up to a quarter of cases may be due to new genetic mutations. In some rare cases, autosomal dominant ERP appears spontaneously in a child immediately after conception; in these cases, the parents are not the source of the disease, explains nephrologist in Delhi. Most people with autosomal dominant ERP live for decades without developing symptoms. For this reason, autosomal dominant ERP is often called “adult polycystic kidney disease.” In some cases, however, cysts may appear earlier, even in the first years of life, says the best nephrologist in Delhi. The disease is believed to affect men and women and people of all races equally. However, kidney specialist in Delhi suggests that it occurs more often in whites than blacks and more often in women than men. High blood pressure appears early in the disease, often before cysts appear. Cysts grow outside the nephron, the small filtering units inside the kidneys. Eventually the cysts separate from the nephron and continue to grow. The kidneys grow along with the cysts, the number of which varies greatly (up to hundreds of them), while maintaining the shape of the kidney. In a fully developed ERP, a cyst-filled kidney can weigh up to 10 kilograms. Symptoms The most common symptoms are pain in the back and flanks, between the ribs and the hip, and headaches. The pain is dull and can be transient, persistent, moderate, or severe. People with autosomal dominant ERP may experience the following symptoms:
Diagnosis To diagnose autosomal dominant ERP, it is usually sufficient to observe three or more renal cysts using ultrasound. The diagnosis is confirmed by a positive family history for autosomal dominant ERP and the presence of cysts in other organs, explains the best kidney specialist in Delhi. In most cases of autosomal dominant ERP, the person’s physical appearance is normal for many years, even decades, so that the disease goes unnoticed. Physical checks and blood and urine tests may be normal. The slow and undetected progression is the reason that people live for many years without knowing that they have autosomal dominant ERP. However, once the cysts have formed, diagnosis is possible by imaging. Ultrasound, which uses sound waves through the body, creates a picture of the kidneys and is the most often used. Ultrasonography does not use contrast methods or X-rays and is safe for all patients, including pregnant women. It can also detect cysts in the kidney of a fetus. Other more powerful and expensive imaging methods, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can also detect cysts, but these methods are generally not necessary since ultrasound provides adequate information. CT uses X-rays to create the images, and sometimes contrast methods are used, explains nephrologist in Gurgaon. The practice of ultrasound or CT from the age of 20 on all people with a family history of the disease allows diagnosis before the onset of symptoms. Currently, the availability of genetic tests makes it possible to diagnose the disease at any age, in families with several affected individuals and that a genetic association has been demonstrated, says nephrologist in Noida. Treatment Although there is still no cure for autosomal dominant ERP, treatment can alleviate symptoms and prolong life.
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AuthorA passion for helping others led me down the path of Medicine into a career that allows me to provide my patients with high quality healthcare. As a professional Nephrologist in Delhi since 2008, I bring a holistic approach to medicine in order to find comfortable and effective solutions for everyone. Read on to learn more about my medical background. Archives
March 2023
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