Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure in the developed world, says the nephrologist in Delhi. The diabetes characterized disease excess blood glucose can affect various organs of the body including the kidneys (diabetic nephropathy) or eyes (diabetic retinopathy). Good diabetes control can prevent, delay or reduce the appearance of these and other complications of the disease, explains the nephrologist in Noida. The constant maintenance of high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood causes an alteration in the wall of the arteries. Consequently, the blood does not reach the tissues correctly and this results in a disorder in the structure and function of different organs of the body. The mechanism by which excess glucose affects the arteries is very complex. On the one hand, the wall of the arteries is made up of proteins. Glucose tends to bind to these proteins and this phenomenon, in the long run, can deconstruct the arterial wall. On the other hand, the insulin deficit of diabetes itself means that the transformation of glucose for energy is carried out through a specific type of metabolic pathway. Therefore, the body accumulates a series of substances that can also cause alterations in the walls of the arteries. The occurrence of complications in a diabetic person also depends on their personal susceptibility to changes caused by elevated glucose levels. According to the nephrologist in Gurgaon, diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure in the developed world and accounts for approximately 35-40% of new cases of kidney failure each year. It is important to know that: – The development of early stages of diabetic nephropathy is common. During life, around 50% of people with type 1 diabetes develop microalbuminuria – presence of albumin protein in the urine, which is a deterioration indicator of renal function. – Approximately 20% of people with type 1 diabetes develop kidney failure. In Caucasian people with type 2 diabetes, between 5 and 10% develop chronic end-stage renal failure (IRCT), while among non-Caucasians the proportion is even higher. Diabetic renal failure is the most common cause of admission to renal replacement, dialysis or transplantation programs, in most countries of the world, says the kidney specialist in Noida. In India about one third of people with end-stage chronic renal failure suffer from diabetes. It is estimated that this population will grow at an annual rate of 8%. – Up to 40% of new cases of IRCT can be attributed to diabetes. The risk of IRCT is 12 times higher in people with type 1 diabetes compared to those with type 2 diabetes. –There are two treatment options when the kidneys fail. Dialysis in Delhi – peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis – and kidney transplant in Delhi. The costs of both treatments are high. It is estimated that diabetes represents between 5 and 10% of the national health budget in developed western countries. – Diabetic renal failure develops so slowly that it may not show symptoms for many years. The best way to detect the problem is the analysis of urine for proteins, which normally should not be present, such as albumin. It is recommended that every person with diabetes undergo a urinalysis every year for albuminuria. – A close control of the blood glucose level reduces the risk of microalbuminuria, and therefore of future terminal chronic renal failure by up to 35%. There is conclusive evidence that good blood glucose levels can significantly reduce the risk of developing complications and slowing their progression in all types of diabetes. The control of high blood pressure and high levels of blood fats (hyperlipidemia) is also very important, advices the kidney specialist in Gurgaon.
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What it is and why it is prescribed? The renal biopsy is the procedure with which it picks up a very small fragment of kidney which will then be observed under the microscope. It is the final examination to distinguish the various types of kidney diseases, in particular those affecting the glomerulus which typically occur with an increase in creatinine and the presence of proteins in the urine, explains the nephrologist in Delhi. It is an invasive test that must be carried out in selected cases after a careful visit of nephrologist in Noida, in which the indication of the procedure will be evaluated based on the result of blood, urine and instrumental tests. An early biopsy diagnosis is very important to treat kidney disease before it evolves towards a picture of chronic kidney failure, says the nephrologist in Gurgaon. Kidney biopsy is prescribed for:
How kidney biopsy is done? Before the biopsy
During the biopsy The native kidneys are located in the back of the abdomen. Therefore, kidney biopsy is usually performed by positioning the patient on his stomach so that the kidneys are as close to the back wall as possible. In the case of a biopsy of the transplanted kidney, the patient is on his stomach. With an ultrasound of the kidney, the urologist in Noida identifies the point of the kidney where to take the sample and the path that the needle will follow. After a thorough cleaning of the skin, a light local anesthesia is practiced and a small cut is made at the entrance site. The patient will feel like a pinprick. With the help of ultrasound, the needle is introduced, without the patient feeling any pain. At this point the patient is invited to take a deep breath in order to bring the kidney closer to the needle. You will then hear the sound of a click; it is the sign that the sampling has taken place. The needle is then withdrawn and reinserted, usually, to take another sample. After the biopsy Blood pressure and heart rate are checked for a few hours while the patient is resting in bed with his stomach up. A pain may be felt at the needle entry point which is often checked with pain relievers. The hospital stay varies according to the clinical conditions and the opinion of your doctor for kidney in Delhi. At discharge the patient is advised not to practice efforts and behaviors to be performed. Risks Kidney biopsy is a safe procedure and is rarely associated with complications:
Results The collected kidney tissue is sent to the laboratory for analysis under a microscope. This procedure requires a variable time depending on the investigations to be performed on the fabric itself. The report describes how the kidney tissue is composed and the anomalous elements in favor of one of the kidney diseases. The problem accounts for up to 10% of cases of famous hypertension, but it is still little known by the population. Have you ever heard of kidney hypertension?. The condition is similar to classic hypertension (the chronic and dangerous elevation of blood pressure), except that, in this case, it starts in the kidneys and only then affects the rest of the body. It is estimated that up to 10% of hypertensive patients are in this category, says the kidney specialist in Delhi. It all starts with a kind of false alarm. Nephrologist in Delhi explains: in addition to filtering the blood, the kidney detects decreases in its flow. When they occur, it is a situation of probable emergency, such as hemorrhage, for example. Hence, the organ starts to secrete renin, a hormone that leads to an increase in another one, angiotensin 2, in the circulation. In the kidneys, such angiotensin 2 compresses the vessels to reduce urine production and thus save as much water as possible. In the sympathetic nervous system, which controls heartbeat, breathing and the like, it helps to raise blood pressure. It is a necessary move to guarantee the blood supply when it is threatened. “Only, in renal hypertension, this happens for no apparent reason, when there is no real urgency”, differentiates the nephrologist in Delhi. The alarm, issued constantly by the kidneys to the rest of the body, causes blood pressure to rise chronically unnecessarily. The causes of renal hypertension Abnormal activation of the renin-angiotensin system, the technical name for this joint action of hormones, usually occurs when there is an obstruction in the renal artery. The main responsible for this is atherosclerosis, a blockage caused by the deposition of fat plates on the vessel wall. The process is also linked to essential hypertension – also called primary, when it is not possible to establish a single cause for the disease. Old age, smoking, obesity, diabetes and high cholesterol are risk factors for both of these problems. Kidney health is another point of attention. “Disorders that attack the kidneys, such as chronic kidney disease or stones and nephritis that develop into permanent inflammation at the site, can lead to the condition”, points out the nephrologist in Noida. Symptoms and diagnosis The constant rise in pressure is the main sign. Therefore, in general the diagnosis of renal hypertension is confirmed during investigations to understand what is causing blood pressure to take off. When renal hypertension has not yet reverberated into blood vessels, it is more difficult to catch, but not impossible. “A routine abdominal ultrasound can detect the state of the arteries that supply the kidney and changes in blood flow to the organ”, comments the kidney specialist in Noida. Treatment It is similar to that of the most famous hypertension. Especially because, in most cases, the disease is treated with drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system. Even if it is not the only cause of the high pressure, it will always be involved in its control. But it is important to make this differentiation because, if the source of the problem is kidney trouble, you will have to fight it too. Faced with a situation of difficult control, the doctor sometimes resort to surgery that restores the flow of blood in these organs, explains the nephrologist in Gurgaon. Better than waiting for all this to happen is preventing it, right? Then write down the tips given by the kidney specialist in Gurgaon, which also apply to cardiovascular disease in general:
Kidney failure is the inability of the kidneys to filter the blood, eliminating bad substances, such as urea or creatinine, for example, that can accumulate in the body when the kidneys are not working well. Renal failure can be acute or chronic, the acute one being characterized by a rapid reduction of renal function, while in chronic one there is a gradual loss of kidney function, caused by factors such as dehydration, urinary infection, hypertension or urine obstruction, by example. Generally, acute renal failure is curable, but chronic renal failure is not always curable and treatment is usually done through hemodialysis or kidney transplantation to improve the patient’s quality of life and promote well-being, explains the nephrologist in Delhi. Symptoms of renal failure Renal failure can manifest itself through several symptoms, depending on whether acute or chronic, such as: Signs of acute renal failure:
In addition, changes in blood and urine tests may appear, and the presence of proteins in the urine can be identified, in addition to altered values of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium in the blood. Signs of chronic renal failure:
When observing these symptoms, it is advisable to consult with a nephrologist in Delhi so that tests can be ordered to diagnose kidney failure and thus indicate the appropriate treatment. The diagnosis can be made based on symptoms and tests such as ultrasound, MRI, computed tomography, in addition to urine and blood tests, such as analysis of potassium, urea and creatinine. Main causes Acute and chronic kidney failure can happen due to:
The people who are most likely to develop kidney failure are those who are diabetic or hypertensive and who do not follow the proper treatment indicated by the nephrologist in Noida. In addition, family history of kidney problems or people who have had a transplant before or are over 60 years of age are also more likely to develop this disease. How the treatment is done? Treatment for renal failure should be guided by a nephrologist in Gurgaon and nutritionist, and can be done at home or in the hospital, depending on the severity of the disease. Learning to live with a chronic disease such as kidney failure is a delicate and time-consuming process that requires a lot of dedication and effort. Most of the time, the acute renal failure treatment in Delhi is done with the use of drugs such as antihypertensive drugs and diuretics, such as Furosemide, for example. In addition, a diet rich in carbohydrates and low in protein, salt and potassium should be maintained, which should be indicated by a nutritionist. In more severe cases, such as chronic renal failure, it may be necessary to perform a kidney transplant in Delhi or undergo hemodialysis, which is a procedure that aims to filter the blood, removing all impurities that the kidneys cannot filter. |
AuthorA passion for helping others led me down the path of Medicine into a career that allows me to provide my patients with high quality healthcare. As a professional Nephrologist in Delhi since 2008, I bring a holistic approach to medicine in order to find comfortable and effective solutions for everyone. Read on to learn more about my medical background. Archives
March 2023
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