Definition of serum proteins The proteins are in some ways the essential building blocks of our cells; they play a role in all the reactions of the body, says Top Nephrologist in Delhi. There are more than a hundred different proteins circulating in the blood, although albumin accounts for 60% of them. In addition to transporting many substances (hormones, lipids, etc.), blood proteins are involved in coagulation, immunity, maintenance of blood pressure, and so on. It is possible to perform a total serum protein assay, which provides information on the functioning of many organs, says Top Kidney Specialist in Delhi. Why do serum protein analysis? According to the Best Kidney Specialist in Delhi, analysis of serum proteins (serum) is useful in many situations to guide a diagnosis, specify the severity of a disease or monitor the effectiveness of a treatment. It is a very common examination that can assess the function of certain organs (liver, kidneys) and highlight certain abnormalities (inflammatory syndrome, autoimmune diseases, lymphoma, etc.), says Nephrologist in Delhi. Thus, this dosage may be prescribed, inter alia, in the case of:
What results can we expect from a serum protein analysis? The serum or plasma proteins are measured by electrophoresis, after a simple blood test: the blood (serum) is placed in an electric field, which “migrates” the proteins. They separate according to their electrical charge and their weight, which makes it possible to distinguish them from each other and to identify anomalies. This assay is usually performed at the same time as other basic tests, such as blood count or sedimentation rate. Indeed, the level of proteins in the blood (proteinemia) does not only depend on the proteins, but also on the blood volume (the dilution may be greater or smaller). What results can we expect from a serum protein analysis? As an indication, the normal value of total serum proteins is between 65 and 80 grams / L. The albumin / globulin ratio is between 1.2 and 1.8. An increase in total plasma protein ( Hypoproteinaemia) is observed in many situations, such as dehydration (“heat stroke”, diarrhoea, vomiting) or during various diseases such as myeloma that cause an increase in the mass of circulating proteins, says Kidney Specialist in Noida. Decreases in total protein concentration ( Hypoproteinaemia) may be caused by a lack of intake (malnutrition) or a lack of absorption, a lack of synthesis (liver failure), abnormal loss of kidney or by water overload (haemodilution). The electrophoretic analysis shows the distribution of the main blood proteins and traces a characteristic “profile”, which can be interpreted by the doctor. Thus, in case of inflammatory syndrome, for example, the “pattern” will be typical, showing an increase in alpha-globulins (Hyperalphaglobulinemia) and a decrease in albumin. The increase in beta-globulins, meanwhile, may mean the presence of iron deficiency, hypothyroidism or biliary obstruction. The nephrotic syndrome (kidney dysfunction) will be characterized by hypoalbuminemia and Hyperalphaglobulinemia. Only the doctor for kidney in Delhi will be able to identify an abnormal line, and prescribe the case of complementary examinations to make a diagnosis.
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The primary symptom of gallstones is biliary cramp, which is sudden, intense pain on the right side of the belly. Normally it arises about 30 minutes to 1 hr after meals, but it happens after the digestion of the food ends, since the vesicle stops being stimulated to release the bile, explains best Nephrologist in Delhi. However, these symptoms appear in a few cases and therefore it is possible that gallstones are discovered during a routine examination such as an abdominal ultrasound. Therefore, people at higher risk of gallstones should schedule a consultation with the gastroenterologist to monitor and identify the problem from the beginning, says Kidney Specialist in Noida. The gallbladder is responsible for storing bile, a greenish fluid that helps in the digestion of fats. At the time of digestion, the bile passes through the bile ducts and reaches the intestine, but the presence of stones can block that path, causing inflammation of the gallbladder and pain. It can also happen that the smaller stones manage to cross the bile ducts until they reach the intestine, where they will be eliminated together with the faeces. What to do in case of suspected gallstones? If symptoms arise, a general practitioner or gastroenterologist should be sought. If the pain is constant or if there is fever and vomiting in addition to pain, you should go to the Kidney Specialist in Noida. The diagnosis of stones in the gallbladder is usually made through an ultrasound. However, more specific tests such as MRI, scintigraphy or computed tomography can be used to identify whether the bladder is inflamed or not, says Nephrologist in Gurgaon. What can cause gallstones? The stones in the gallbladder are formed by alterations in the composition of the bile, and some factors that can cause these alterations are:
Treatment for gallstones The treatment for stones in the gallbladder should be guided by a gastroenterologist and is done according to the size of the stones and the presence or absence of symptoms. People with small stones or those who do not have symptoms usually take medicines to undo stones, such as Ursodiol, but it can take years until the stones disappear. On the other hand, people who usually suffer frequent symptoms are indicated surgery to remove the gallbladder. There is also the treatment with shock waves that break the stones of the gallbladder into smaller stones, just as it is also done in cases of kidney stones. In addition to this, the patient should avoid eating high-fat foods such as eating red meat, butter, mayonnaise, fried foods, among others; and it is also very important to practice physical activity regularly, suggests Kidney Specialist in Gurgaon. According to Nephrologist in Gurgaon, despite being more common in women, urinary tract infection can also affect men and cause symptoms such as urgency to urinate, pain and burning during or at the end of urination. This disease is more common in men over 50 years of age, especially those who usually have anal sex and who have not been circumcised, as well as men who have a problem blocking their urine output or who use a urinary catheter, says Kidney Specialist in Noida. Symptoms of urinary infection in men The symptoms that can be generated by a urinary infection are:
Diagnosis of urinary infection According to Kidney Specialist in Gurgaon, the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in men is mainly based on the symptoms it presents and through the urine test, which will identify the presence of microorganisms that may be causing the problem. In addition to this, the doctor for kidney in Delhi can ask questions about sex life to identify risk factors for infections or STDs, in addition to performing a touch test to verify if there is any increase in the size of the prostate. In young men with increased prostate signs, to identify this the Nephrologist in Noida can also recommend examinations such as a CT scan, ultrasound and / or cystoscopy to evaluate if there are other problems in the urinary tract. Treatment of urinary tract infection In general, the treatment for urinary tract infection in men is done with the ingestion of antibiotics, which should be prescribed by the internist or urologist. Before indicating the medicine, the doctor usually asks for a urine culture to find out which microorganism is causing the infection, and with the result on hand he prescribes the most appropriate antibiotic to treat it, says top Kidney Specialist in Delhi. Symptoms usually improve after 2 days of starting the treatment, however, it is important to keep the intake of the medication during the days indicated by the Kidney Specialist in Delhi, to avoid that the microorganism becomes resistant to the antibiotic and to avoid relapses. In the most severe cases, it may be necessary to perform a longer treatment, lasting two or more weeks, or even with hospitalization to place the medication intravenously. Risk factor's Some factors that increase the risk in men of developing urinary tract infection are:
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AuthorA passion for helping others led me down the path of Medicine into a career that allows me to provide my patients with high quality healthcare. As a professional Nephrologist in Delhi since 2008, I bring a holistic approach to medicine in order to find comfortable and effective solutions for everyone. Read on to learn more about my medical background. Archives
March 2023
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